Stephen P Robbins Organization Theory: Structure, Design and Application

In the opinion of Stephen P Robbins organization is a social entity consciously coordinated, with a relatively identifiable boundary working on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or group of goals.

Based on the description of the Robbins definition, it can be described as follows:

• The word implies consciously coordinated as management.
• Social unity means that the unit consists of a person or group of people who interact with each other. Patterns of interaction that followed and performed in a organization simply not present, but had thought beforehand. Therefore, the organization as a social entity, the pattern of interaction of its members must be balanced and aligned to minimize redundancy but also ensure that the discharge of duties-critical tasks have been completed
• An organization mempuanyai relatively identifiable boundary. Restrictions may change within a certain time and not always clear, but a real limitation there should be able to distinguish between members and non-members
• People within an organization has a continuous attachment. Belonging sense is certainly not mean a lifetime membership. Instead organizations face constant change in the membership, although at the time of a member, the people in the organization participate relatively regularly.
• Finally, the organization exists to accomplish something. This something is the goal, and the goal usually can not be achieved by individuals working alone or if perhaps it is more efficiently achieved through group effort.

Public Administration Abstracts Examples: Organizational Development of Government in Ajdovščina Municipality

This is an example of a paper abstract in Public Policy Department entitled  Organizational Development of Government in Ajdovščina Municipality.

In the implementatiom of regional autonomy, some subdistrict are subdistrict of catchment area result, faced with the task of local devices such as general administrative duties and delegation of authority from the mayor.

However, in practice, they are still to be found limitations and problems, so that subdisctrict of catchment area result as the new organization, need to be developed in order to adapt and improve the ability.

This research interested to study implementation of organizational development of Subdistrict of catchment area result with the associated concept of organizational development. This research is positivist approach with descriptive design, cross sectional study, in-depth interviews, observation, and literature study.

Organizational development in subdistricts of catchment area result,involves internal organization subdistrict, Local government of Ajdovščina, society, carried out with various stage of organizational development activities, invluding systems within the organization. Implementation of development organization are still found many obstacles, so it is recommended The Local Governemnt of Ajdovščina and the subdistrict of catchment area result to cope.

Analysis of Service Quality Standars in Standard Chartered Bank (an essay)

Quality is very important in all aspects. Quality is often associated with customer expectation. Because everyone would want good quality and services that they can obtain. Costomers become a benchmark if the products and services provided are qualified or not.

Because of the importance of quality, the management of a company trying to establish the quality of what is expected by the customer, the ISO 9001 is an international standar requirements and recommendations for the design and assessment of a quality management system which purpose to ensure that the organization will provide products (goods/service) that meet the established requirements.

Standard Chartered Bank provides banking services for the corporate market segment, commercial and consumer. Data was collected by interviews, observations and document related to the study. Techniques for data analysis in this research is qualitative. The result explained that the standard for the quality of service at Standar Chartered bank is quite satisfying customers. It is based on the requirements of ISO 9001:2008 has been implemented well by Standard Chartered Bank.

Nursing Paper Examples: Art Therapy to Reduce Anxiety Level on School Age Children

Hospitalizion can produce anxiety and interrupt school age children's wellness. Although many methods have been applied to handle child anxiety, however the most new effective one has not found yet. The art theraphy is one of the alternatives to minimize child anxiety. This nursing paper research goal is to describe art therapy effect toward minimizing anxiety in school age children undergoing hospitalization.

Quasi experimental research was set on pre-post test non-equivalent control group design. Research population was 7-11 years old children undergoing hospital care in NHS hospital and purposive sampling was applied to them. Sample research was 100 choildren between age 7 and 11 years old, divided into 2 groups. Those were 50 children as research group and 50 children children as control group.

Child drawing: Hospital (CD:H) instrument was used in this research to measure anxiety. The effects of art therapy were tested with Chi Square. This statistic analyses showed that there was different anxiety level between two groups before applying art therapy. However there was no difference anxiety level between two groups after applying art therapy. An additional analyses showed that art therapy effectively reduce arterial pulse level.

There was no evidence that age, length of care, and experiencing care correlate to anxiety level after applying art therapy, except sex in experimental group with anxiety level. Result showed that art therapy did not reduce anxiety level however this was effectivein reducing arterial pulses, one of anxieties physiological responses. Developing the research in art therapy need randomize sampling to increase homogeneity between two groups then will strengthen the result. Pediactric nurses should applying art therapy with variation method to reduce anxieties physiological responses.

Max Weber's Theory Of Bureaucracy Weakness (A Research Essay)

Bureaucracy is a type of organization which is designed to complete administrative tasks on a large scale by means of coordinating the work of many people systematically. It can be concluded the bureaucracy is a tool to facilitate the course of the implementation of government policies in an effort to serve the community. On the other hand, the public perception of hearing the word bureaucracy has always been synonymous with an elaborate affair, not that simple.

The bureaucracy is identical with the transition from table to table, the process is complicated, convoluted and inefficient. Bureaucratic Affairs always upsetting because dealing with time consuming form completion, the process of obtaining consent through many tables in a chain, the rules are strict and requires that a person goes through a lot of political boundary formalities and so on. Throughout the community assessment against bureaucracy are objective, then surely there will be drawbacks and advantages.

Max Weber's theory of bureaucracy of weakness. Weber's theory of weakness is not acknowledging the existence of a conflict between the authority that has been built in a hierarchy. Another drawback is not easy to connect the process of modernizing the bureaucracy and among the developing countries. Many critics suggested that the structure and management of traditional governance model of Weber is outdated and in need of drastic change. The bureaucracy emphasis on formality for example will only make its officials being passivity and "robotic" rather than being a creative innovator, becoming risk-avers than risk-taking.

Tiered structure which only makes waste (high cost economy), inefficiency, and even the displacement of goals. A stiff structure also does not fulfill this aspect of Justice for the employees, because it is always hire more of those who are in a higher structure, though perhaps the quality and quantity of work is less than the lower staff.

This weakness led to the performance of the bureaucracy tends to be on a static position, deals with the routine, and not responsive to the changing times. Even the bureaucrats tend to seek profits for themselves and the Organization itself than to the interests of society in General. The success of a bureaucrat is often measured from the point of whether he's able to maintain or increase the budget for the Office. It is clearly contrary to the principles of the market, which generally give priority to processes that are competitive, like the granting of incentives, appreciate the innovation, give priority to customers, provide appropriate proportion of work salary and so on.

See so the complex development of human civilization, many argue that the old model of Government and philosophy developed in past votes are no longer able to anticipate the needs of the community. Hierarchical structure which has lose relevance when viewed from the angle of efficiency. Bureaucratic formalities system not suitable for motion and flexibility for innovation. Then, a large number of employees are no longer necessary, due to the mechanization of work through the application of information technology.

In conceptional, a model of governance that is often called the old religion of public administration or the old model of Weber's bureaucracy is considered to have at least three issues which cannot be adapted to the circumstances of the times.

First, the political control of the bureaucratic model is considered to be insufficient and illogical. Second, the theory of bureaucracy considered to have problems in matters related to the issue of democracy. Third, the bureaucracy is not in line with the spirit of globalization and market values.

The traditional bureaucratic conception are seen can't go hand in hand with democratic values in society. This is due to the model too rational values giving priority to formal (formal rationality), confidentiality (secrecy), stiffness (rigidity), and hierarchy (hierarchy). The value of formal rationality, for instance, tend to make the bureaucracy more emphasis on formal legality in carrying out tasks rather than deepen the essence of the problem.

A rigid hierarchical system also causes the orientation of bureaucrats is not siding with the people, but rather to the bosses, because after all the bureaucrats in the performance assessment of the traditional model is the direct supervisor, not the user community services.